Sastra Inggris 21 (Structure III)

Name  : Ami Nurul Islamiyah
NIM    : 2130911005

People want their money

Three years ago, an economic crisis started in Lebanon. To avoid an economic collapse, banks put limits on how much money people could take from their accounts.

People were angry about the limits, and many people frequently demanded their money with violence. Last week, a man with a gun came to a bank in Beirut. He said that he wouldn’t leave until he got all his savings. Similar incidents happened in at least five other banks in the country. Many people usually go in front of banks to support the attackers.

Officials warned that these incidents destroyed order in the country. Except for ordinary people, these attackers were heroes.

Sourced: https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/people-want-their-money-level-2/

 

Typical Sentences Pattern Analyze  

1. Last week,(A) a man with a gun (S) came (P) to a bank in Beirut. (A) 

• ‘Last week’ is an adverbial it describes the time. This is an adverb of time.
• ‘a man with a gun’ is a subject because this is the first participant in this sentence. The subject is the form of a noun phrase.
  o   a : determiner                        o   with : preposition     
  o   man : noun                            o   gun : noun 
• ‘came’ is a predicator. The predicate is a verb. 
• ‘to a bank in Beirut’ is an adverbial because it describes what a man with a gun came.   
  o   to : preposition                     o   in : preposition  
  o   a : determiner                       o   Beirut : noun 
  o   bank : noun 
• Intransitive verb/the running pattern because consist of subject and verb and is also followed by adverbial.

2. Officials (S) warned (P) that these incidents destroyed order in the country.(A) 

• ‘Officials’ is a subject because this is the first participant in this sentence. The subject is the form of a noun phrase.
• ‘warned’ is a predicator. The predicate is a verb.
• ‘that these incidents destroyed order in the country’ is an adverbial because it describes what the Officials warned.  
  o   That : conjunction                 o   Order : noun  
  o   These : demonstrative           o   In : preposition 
  o   Incidents : plural noun          o   The : determiner 
  o   Destroyed : verb                    o   Country : noun
• Intransitive verb/the running pattern because consist of subject and verb and is also followed by adverbial.

 

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Name     : Putri Awis Nur Fadilah
NIM        : 2130911023

 

It’s not just the Amazon: Indonesia urged to stop deadly fires

Indonesia must increase funding to detect and tackle forest fires quicker and enforce conservation laws to avoid another major haze crisis, a United Nations official said on Wednesday, as fears mount over the climate impacts of rainforest losses.

Indonesia and its Southeast Asian neighbors are regularly hit by thick smog from slash-and-burn clearance of land and forests for agriculture, such as palm oil, causing premature deaths, respiratory infections, and school and airport closures.

Air pollution this year has been the worst since the last major haze outbreak in 2015, which was linked to more than 100,000 premature deaths in Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore, according to a Harvard University study.

"(Indonesia is) not yet at what we had at the height of the 2015 haze crisis--but it might get there," Tim Christophersen, who coordinates the U.N. Environment Program's (UNEP) land and climate change work, told the Thomson Reuters Foundation.

"Maybe the fires this year can serve as a reminder it's not mission accomplished yet," said Nairobi-based Christophersen, voicing concern that Indonesia's fires were being largely overlooked while those in the Amazon have won global attention.

With an El Nino weather pattern causing an extended dry spell, Indonesia closed schools this week, as well as providing oxygen at health centers, with thousands suffering respiratory infections due to choking smoke.

After the 2015 crisis, which cost the country $16 billion (1.7 trillion yen) as more than 500,000 people sought medical care because of the toxic fumes, Indonesia switched its focus from containing fires to preventing them.

It introduced a permanent moratorium on forest clearing, trained communities and farmers in fire prevention, and set up a Peatland Restoration Agency to restore 2 million hectares of carbon-rich peatland damaged by fires.

The last three good years have been relatively haze-free, and President Joko Widodo used his record on reducing forest fires to successfully campaign for re-election this year.

But more than 328,000 hectares of forests and peatlands have been burnt since January, according to Indonesia's disaster agency, forcing neighboring Malaysia to take emergency measures, including issuing half a million face masks.

"The current fires in Indonesia are a reminder that while Indonesia is on the right path, and has made ambitious commitments and policy changes, the implementation is still not fully in line with their objectives," said Christophersen.

"It would be good to increase the investment in early detection and early firefighting capacities to have the highest effect once there are fires," said Christophersen, who used to head UNEP's REDD+ program to curb deforestation emissions.

Typical Sentence Pattern Analyze

1. Monotransitive Verb

Indonesia and its Southeast Asian neighbors (S) are regularly hit (P) by thick smog from slash-and-burn (DO)

• Monotransitive verb because consist of subject and predicate and followed by direct object
• Indonesia and its Southeast Asian neighbors: Subject as the first participant  
• and: conjunction
• hit: Monotransitive Verb
• by thick smog from slash-and-burn: Direct object 

 

2. Copula Verb    

Indonesia (S) is (P) not yet (SA) at what we had at the height of the 2015 haze crisis (A)

 

• Copula Verb because consist subject, predicate and followed by subject attribute
• Indonesia: Subject as first participant
• Is: Copula Verb
• Not yet: Subject attribute, something about the first participant
• at what we had at the height of the 2015 haze crisis: Adverbial as the setting

 

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Name     : Meira Zaliyanti
NIM        : 2130911019

 

 Argentina grows special wheat 

 

Farmers in Argentina are testing a special strain of wheat called HB4. It is the first genetically modified wheat.

Ukraine is one of the biggest global growers of wheat, and when Russia attacked Ukraine, the country couldn’t sell its wheat. The new strain could grow in other parts of the world, too.

Big droughts happen in many parts of the world; they inspire scientists to develop stronger plants. HB4 needs less water to grow, therefore, it can help solve the drought problems.

Some experts worry that the new strain of wheat will mix with normal wheat. They are afraid that international markets may not want the wheat, which could be a problem for Argentina.

Brazil, Nigeria, and Australia are other countries to approve the new strain of wheat.

Sourced : https://www.newsinlevels.com/products/argentina-grows-special-wheat-level-2/

 

Typical Sentence Pattern Analysis

 

1. Farmers in Argentina (S) are testing (P) a special strain of wheat called HB4 (A)

Explain : 

• ‘Farmers in Argentina’ is a subject because this is a first participant in this sentence. The subject is in the form of a noun phrase.
• ‘are testing’ is a predicator. The predicate ‘are testing’ is in the form of a verb phrase because it consists from auxiliary verb (are) and main verb (testing).
• ‘a special strain of wheat called HB4’ is an adverbial because it describes what Farmers in argentina are testing.
• Conclusion : this sentence belongs to the intransitive verb/the running pattern because this sentence consists of subject and verb and also followed by adverbial. The verb used in this pattern expresses an action

 

2. It (S) is (P) the first genetically modified wheat (SA)

Explain :

• ‘It’ is a subject because this is a first participant in this sentence. The subject is in the form of a pronoun. 
• ‘is’ is a predicator. The predicator is in the form of a lingking verb because it connects the subject with the complement it describes.   
• ‘the first genetically modified wheat’ is a subject attribute because explain the first participant (It). The subject attribute is in the form of a noun.
• Conclusion : this sentence belongs to the copula verb/the being pattern because this sentence consists of subject and predicate and also followed by subject attribute.  

 

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Name     : Meira Saprila Salma
NIM        : 2130911051

 

TYPICAL SENTENCE PATTERNS
 

1. The pods (S) are picked (P) by hand to protect the trees (A).
Explain :

• 'The pods' is the subject because the first participant (noun phrase). 
• 'Are picked' is a predicator. Are (auxiliary verb) and picked (mainly verb). 
• 'by hand to protect the trees' is an adverb. Because it describes what the pods are picked. 
• This sentences belongs to the intransitive verb/the running pattern because this sentences consist of subject and also followed by adverbial. The verb used in this pattern expresses an action.
  

2. It (S) is (P) still one of the top ten producers (SA) of the beans (A)
Explain :

• 'It' is a subject because of the first participant. 
• 'Is' is a predicator (pronoun). 
• ' still one of the top ten producers' is a subject attribute because something about the first participant. 
• 'of the beans' is an adverbial because it describes what 'still one of the top ten producers'. 
• This sentence belongs to the copula verbs because this sentences consist of subject, predicate, subject attribute also followed by adverb.
  

 

Link article : https://learnenglish.britishcouncil.org/general-english/magazine-zone/chocolate